Model Equations for the Eiffel Tower Profile: Historical Perspective and New Results

Patrick Weidman

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Colorado at Boulder

Abstract-
Two mathematical models for the shape of the Eiffel Tower are reviewed. Reported here is a third model derived from Eiffel's concern about wind loads on the tower, as documented in his communication to the French Civil Engineering Society on March 30, 1885. The result is a nonlinear, integro-differential equation which is solved to yield an exponential tower profile. An analysis of the actual tower profile shows that it is composed of two piecewise continuous exponentials with different growth rates. This is explained by specific safety factors for wind loading that Eiffel & Company incorporated in the design of the free-standing tower.


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